{"id":139,"date":"2018-03-20T14:47:24","date_gmt":"2018-03-20T13:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/?page_id=139"},"modified":"2025-03-22T19:01:12","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T18:01:12","slug":"mapovani-ptaku-brna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/co-delame-2\/mapovani-ptaku-brna\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f Brna"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mapov\u00e1n\u00ed hn\u00edzdn\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f Brna<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esun pt\u00e1k\u016f do m\u011bst a&nbsp;proces synantropizace pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jev\u016fm v\u00a0pta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Pt\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod. Jednou z\u00a0nich je vysok\u00e1 r\u016fznorodost biotop\u016f na mal\u00e9m prostoru, kter\u00e1 je nesrovnateln\u00e1 s\u00a0typick\u00fdmi jednolit\u00fdmi monokulturami smrk\u016f \u010di&nbsp;obilovin v\u00a0obvykl\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 krajin\u011b. D\u00e1le jde nap\u0159.&nbsp;o&nbsp;bohat\u00e9 zdroje r\u016fznorod\u00e9 potravy, \u010dasto ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra predace nebo p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, nap\u0159.&nbsp;v\u00a0zim\u011b, kdy je ve m\u011bstech o&nbsp;n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f tepleji ne\u017e v\u00a0okoln\u00ed krajin\u011b. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti se v\u00fdzkum pt\u00e1k\u016f ve m\u011bstech st\u00e1le v\u00edce dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu ornitolog\u016f. I&nbsp;u&nbsp;n\u00e1s ji\u017e vy\u0161ly dva m\u011bstsk\u00e9 atlasy pt\u00e1k\u016f, Prahy a&nbsp;Pardubic, a&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00ed mapov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u011bhlo \u010di&nbsp;prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech (nap\u0159.&nbsp;Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Plze\u0148). V\u00a0letech 2011\u20132016 organizovala Jihomoravsk\u00e1 pobo\u010dka \u010cSO mapov\u00e1n\u00ed hn\u00edzdn\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0Brn\u011b. Do n\u011bj se postupn\u011b zapojilo 40 dobrovoln\u00fdch mapovatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zji\u0161\u0165ovali pr\u016fkaznost hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed a&nbsp;po\u010detnost jednotliv\u00fdch pta\u010d\u00edch druh\u016f ve 152 kvadr\u00e1tech na katastru m\u011bsta Brna. Abychom l\u00e9pe podchytili po\u010detnost b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f, prob\u011bhlo ve stejn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed i&nbsp;bodov\u00e9 s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00edce jak 600 bodech v\u00a08 definovan\u00fdch kategori\u00edch biotop\u016f. K\u00a0tomu jsme z\u00edskali data z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch specifick\u00fdch projekt\u016f, jako bylo mapov\u00e1n\u00ed ror\u00fds\u016f nebo sov.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0letech mapov\u00e1n\u00ed jsme v\u00a0Brn\u011b zjistili hn\u00edzdn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt v\u00a0kategori\u00edch mo\u017en\u00e9, pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 a&nbsp;prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed u&nbsp;137 druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f. U&nbsp;113 z\u00a0nich p\u0159itom \u0161lo o&nbsp;prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f v&nbsp;Brn\u011b byli kos \u010dern\u00fd, s\u00fdkora ko\u0148adra a&nbsp;p\u011bnkava obecn\u00e1. Mezi nep\u011bvci pak \u0161lo o&nbsp;holuba h\u0159ivn\u00e1\u010de, strakapouda velk\u00e9ho a&nbsp;po\u0161tolku obecnou. Pot\u011b\u0161iteln\u00e9 je zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed 49 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f, mezi nimi nap\u0159.&nbsp;buk\u00e1\u010dka mal\u00e9ho, dudka chocholat\u00e9ho nebo b\u011blo\u0159ita \u0161ed\u00e9ho. Mezi charakteristick\u00e9 hn\u00edzdi\u010de tak\u00e9 st\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed po\u010detn\u00e1 populace strakapouda ji\u017en\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p>Na prvn\u00edch v\u00fdsledc\u00edch jsme ji\u017e testovali vliv vybran\u00fdch faktor\u016f na slo\u017een\u00ed pta\u010d\u00edch spole\u010denstev, mezi nimi\u017e hraje pozitivn\u00ed roli nap\u0159.&nbsp;vzd\u00e1lenost mapovan\u00e9ho kvadr\u00e1tu od centra m\u011bsta nebo diverzita p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch biotop\u016f. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det druh\u016f byl zji\u0161t\u011bn ve \u010dtverc\u00edch s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed mok\u0159adn\u00edch biotop\u016f, jako jsou Hol\u00e1seck\u00e1 jezera nebo \u017deb\u011bt\u00ednsk\u00fd rybn\u00edk. Z\u00a0pohledu zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f jsou krom\u011b mok\u0159ad\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 i&nbsp;\u00fazem\u00ed nov\u00e9 divo\u010diny, tedy \u00fazem\u00ed po&nbsp;povrchov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b s\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00edmi \u00fahory, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9\u00a0 a&nbsp;ornitologicky velmi cenn\u00e9 biotopy. K\u00a0takov\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm v\u00a0Brn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed H\u00e1dy nebo \u010cernovick\u00e1 terasa. P\u0159i&nbsp;mapov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0Brn\u011b sledujeme i&nbsp;prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed synantropizaci n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f. Nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla v\u00a0posledn\u00edch 20 letech u&nbsp;holuba h\u0159ivn\u00e1\u010de, kter\u00fd dnes pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0dominantn\u00edm druh\u016fm.\u00a0N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy pak pronikaj\u00ed do m\u011bsta pr\u00e1v\u011b v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159.&nbsp;vr\u00e1na \u0161edivka nebo drozd kv\u00ed\u010dala. Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem je rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00fdch substr\u00e1t\u016f k\u00a0hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e jsme zaznamenali u&nbsp;24 pta\u010d\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159ipravujeme atlas pt\u00e1k\u016f Brna, kde pl\u00e1nujeme krom\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f mapov\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;letech 2011<strong>\u2013<\/strong>2016 zpracovat i&nbsp;historick\u00e9 a&nbsp;mimohn\u00edzdn\u00ed \u00fadaje o&nbsp;pt\u00e1c\u00edch Brna. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1m je\u0161t\u011b doplnit n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fadaje a&nbsp;dopsat v\u0161echny texty, prob\u00edh\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e statistick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bodov\u00e9ho s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Oproti voln\u00e9 krajin\u011b se pt\u00e1ci ve m\u011bstech ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdmi typy ohro\u017een\u00ed. Za v\u0161echny lze jmenovat v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnou dopravu, n\u00e1razy do skel \u010di&nbsp;do trolej\u00ed, z\u00e1nik tradi\u010dn\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch nebo zateplov\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp;rekonstrukce dom\u016f, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euj\u00ed hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b nejen ror\u00fds\u016f obecn\u00fdch. Pl\u00e1novan\u00fd atlas bude proto akcentovat ochranu biotop\u016f i&nbsp;jednotliv\u00fdch lokalit na \u00fazem\u00ed Brna a&nbsp;m\u011bl by nast\u00ednit i&nbsp;\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ochrany konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch pta\u010d\u00edch druh\u016f. T\u00edm by m\u011bl p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00ed o&nbsp;t\u00e9to problematice mezi ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed i&nbsp;u&nbsp;zam\u011bstnanc\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>Chceme pod\u011bkovat v\u0161em, kdo se do mapov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0Brn\u011b zapojili, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na\u0161im dobrovoln\u00fdm mapovatel\u016fm, a&nbsp;vyzvat v\u0161echny, kdo m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 nepublikovan\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f z\u00a0Brna, aby n\u00e1m napsali na e-mailovou adresu mapovaniptakubrna@seznam.cz.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je pro n\u00e1s nyn\u00ed sehnat sponzory, kte\u0159\u00ed umo\u017en\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed atlasu pt\u00e1k\u016f Brna v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mapov\u00e1n\u00ed hn\u00edzdn\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f Brna P\u0159esun pt\u00e1k\u016f do m\u011bst a&nbsp;proces synantropizace pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jev\u016fm v\u00a0pta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Pt\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod. Jednou z\u00a0nich je vysok\u00e1 r\u016fznorodost biotop\u016f na mal\u00e9m prostoru, kter\u00e1 je nesrovnateln\u00e1 s\u00a0typick\u00fdmi jednolit\u00fdmi monokulturami smrk\u016f \u010di&nbsp;obilovin v\u00a0obvykl\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 krajin\u011b. D\u00e1le jde nap\u0159.&nbsp;o&nbsp;bohat\u00e9 zdroje r\u016fznorod\u00e9 potravy, \u010dasto ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra predace nebo p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/co-delame-2\/mapovani-ptaku-brna\/\" class=\"more-link\">Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed textu <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Mapov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f Brna<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1575,"parent":1727,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-139","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PfJgh8-2f","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=139"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1574,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/139\/revisions\/1574"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1727"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jmpcso.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}